Vol. 1, No.1 April 1994


Newsletter aims to keep you informed


Welcome to the first edition of The Process Group Post. Its purpose is to provide a mechanism to share tips and lessons learned, keep you informed of some current events in the process improvement world, and keep you up to date regarding our services.

The newsletter will initially be published every six months, but that frequency may change depending upon the response. Please let us know what you think.

Also, if you have information you would like to share with more than 3,000 other people interested in process improvement, formal inspection and project planning, please drop us a line (E-mail, telephone or fax). This could be an article or just a few lessons learned.

If you have question related to process improvement, tell us, and we will publish your question in the next issue.

--- Neil Potter

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Process improvement meets 'Peopleware'

- People are the key asset of any organization

 

by MARY SAKRY

If you have heard Timothy Lister speak, you can better understand my enthusiasm for his work. This issue I would like to talk about how important "Peopleware" concepts can be to your process improvement efforts.

This article will quote heavily from authors Lister and Tom DeMarco. All quotations are straight from "Peopleware."

Determinants of process improvement success

When we think of process improvement, we must consider the balance of three components: process, people, and tools. All three of these components play an important role in determining how successful the process improvement results are.

We need good processes to accomplish our software development and maintenance with the appropriate tools to support these processes while realizing that it is people that do the work and use those processes, methods and tools. Therefore, ultimately people are responsible for the success or failure of the improvement effort.

Lister knows how to drive home the importance of the people who create software better than anyone else. He always maintains a level of wit that makes his important message palatable yet ensures that his message hits the mark.

As you work on your process improvement issues it is important to keep this element in mind. Most SEI Level 12 findings are behavioral in nature, and organizations can do well by paying close attention to his message.

"Peopleware" in a nutshell

Here I state several points made in "Peopleware." My intent is to tell you just enough so that you will read the book yourself. So I won't give much detail.

  • The major problems of our work are not so much technological as sociological in nature.
  • "We're all under a lot of pressure to improve productivity. The problem is no longer susceptible to easy solutions, because all the easy solutions were thought of and applied long ago. Yet some organizations are doing a lot better than others." Several helpful ideas to improve productivity are offered.
  • The authors examine the office environment and what can be done to enable higher productivity.
  • "The manager's function is not to make people work but to make it possible for people to work."
  • The book tells us how to: "get the right people, make them happy so they don't want to leave, and then turn them loose."
  • What's in the foreground of most of our prized work memories is team interaction. When a group of people fuse into a meaningful whole, the entire character of the work changes."

"In the best work groups, the ones in which people have the most fun and perform at their upper limits, team interactions are everything. They are the reason that people stick it out, put their all into work [and] overcome enormous obstacles." Lister and DeMarco present some good ideas on how to grow and maintain productive teams.

Finally they leave us with the notion that work should be fun. "We need people to recognize the occasions when they are being asked to do something silly -- and actually say so. Once it's been said out loud, (the organization) can't ignore it any longer."

What does all this mean in relation to process improvement? And why should you care?

First of all, some of you may have had a process assessment, and if you have, you may have been surprised that so many people-oriented issues surfaced. If you have not used an assessment as the basis of your process improvement, then you should be advised that you may have missed some critical issues that are people-related.

No matter how you have set up your improvement program, you must deal with these issues as they are foundations for the improvement work to follow. For example: If people are expected to complete projects based on unrealistic schedules estimates or work in an environment that allows continual interruptions, then to think that they will be able to make meaningful process improvements may be unreasonable.

As a rule, people enjoy working on process improvement as long as it is not seen as an additional burden to an already hectic schedule. When people are dedicated to process improvement, it should be considered part of their job and time must be allocated for the effort.

Keep the software people happy

Be sure to keep a balanced emphasis on people, process, and technology.

If, during your efforts, you are unable to help people solve their real problems or are unable to convince them that you can help them solve their real problems, your effort will fail. Remember, the software professionals are your customers and you want to keep them happy.

By reading Lister and DeMarco's book, you will uncover many jewels that will help you progress on the people-related issues you must face.

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Some bright ideas for SEPGs


by NEIL POTTER

During the past six years I have created and managed an SEPG (Software Engineering Process Group) and observed many others. To start this newsletter, I would like to share with you what I think are characteristics of a good SEPG.

An SEPG is a group of internal consultants established to help their colleague software engineers and managers improve.

Typically, an SEPG is formed just before or just after a process assessment. In Software Engineering Institute (SEI) terms, the SEPG is the process focus for the organization. A good SEPG:

  • has a mission stating that it exists to serve the organization.
  • specializes in a few areas and subcontracts others to specialists.
  • pilots new practices and ensures buy-in and understanding at all levels before advocating widespread use.
  • spends some time developing processes and more time getting them used.
  • doesn't avoid key issues facing the organization such as insufficient alignment of schedules between senior management and the project team, over commitment, misuse of metrics, and cultural stands: "This is the way we always do it."
  • becomes a master communicator, filling in the communication gap characteristic of Level 1 organizations.
  • uses the techniques it advocates and publicizes the results.
  • involves the whole organization in process improvement.
  • gives public praise and credit to engineers and managers who are improving.
  • never develops a process or standard when it does not solve an important problem.
  • measures its success based upon the perceived usefulness of the services determined by a survey of the engineers and managers being served.
  • keeps all standards and process documentation to a few useful pages.
  • develops a newsletter to communicate success stories, training and services available.
  • keeps in touch with other SEPGs in the company, for example, by hosting an annual half-day SEPG workshop.

In summary, a good SEPG is one that is highly customer-focused, flexible and able to help the organization address its key issues.

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Book reviews


Covey, S., "The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People," 1989, Simon & Schuster. ISBN 0-671-70863-5.

This book is very valuable for SEPG personnel, both from the perspective of influencing the organization and personal growth. Highly recommended.


DeMarco, Tom. Lister, Timothy. "Peopleware: Productive Projects and Teams," 1987, Dorset House Publishing Co., Inc., New York, NY. ISBN 0-932633-05-6.

See the article by Mary Sakry in this issue.


Gilb, T., "Principles of Software Engineering Management," 1991, Addison-Wesley. ISBN 0-201-19246-2.

This book contains a unique set of ideas for engineering and managing complex software systems. It describes methods including specification, evolutionary planning and delivery and inspection to improve quality and productivity.

If you have read a book you recommend related to software process improvement, please let us know.

--- Mary Sakry

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Questions and answers


by NEIL POTTER


Q: Does an organization have to perform an SEI process assessment in order to improve?

A: No. Some organizations are sufficiently accomplished at self-evaluation that they can use consensus to determine where to improve without a formal assessment.

The SEI assessment process is a well-defined method to thoroughly determine an organization's strengths and weaknesses. The assessment process collects problems and information from the engineers and managers and reduces it to a handful of key issues. The result is a carefully worded set of problem statements with buy-in from the participants involved.

After an assessment, an organization develops strategic and tactical improvement action plans.

An assessment of an organization is only one step in the process improvement life cycle. An assessment should always be preceded with an evaluation of the organization's business goals and be followed by a carefully planned set of improvement actions.

Q: By "assessment," do you mean the 1987 SEI questionnaire?

A: No. For a few years many people equated an "assessment" with the SEI questionnaire published in 1987, commonly known as TR-23. The questionnaire is only a sample of the practices required by the SEI Capability Maturity Model. Assessments dig deeper than just the issues listed in the questionnaire. They determine the key issues facing the organization using interview and review sessions.

Organizations that focus only on the questionnaire or CMM can miss the major issues that a true assessment would uncover. The questionnaire is used during an assessment as a springboard into the discussion sessions.

The questionnaire can also be used to help measure process improvement progress between major process assessments.

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© 1998 The Process Group